Garden Borders are resulting in tree strangulation and likely decline.
Property owners and managers often want well-defined bed lines separating the turf grass from the planting bed, which usually includes a tree. When using certain products, the bed edge is inserted into the soil, resulting in a well-defined separation.
However, trees in most urban settings have shallow roots, and these installed products are placed deep enough for the tree in question to react by growing roots in the same condition as the installed product over time.
The result is a tree with stem-girdling roots (SGRs) that cause the plant to have a dysfunctional root system, crushed and damaged vascular cambium, and an interrupted vascular system that will have limited ability to move vital nutrients, water, and carbohydrates inside the plant.